The best cure to apathy and resignation is ... traveling by yourself, not in an organized tour. Even traveling within China would be a big educational experience for many young people.

  * Increased self-confidence (I was all by myself and I survived)
  * Trust in others (Fellow travelers or welcoming local, you always meet some nice people to talk with)
  * A change of perspective.
  * Memories that are more than a selfie in front of a random building
I noticed those changes for *anybody* who tried here. I encouraged my wife to go a few weeks on her own in West China. It was a big soul revealing experience for her.

Doing this abroad, same as above, but on top of that, experience a society where people trust each other and care for each other a tad more. Just knowing it's possible without a policeman behind everybody is quite an experience. All my Chinese students friends in France had such a revelation, as well as my wife when traveling abroad. But yeah, paying a trip to every Chinese youth is going to be pricey.

I am not so optimistic about today's youth in China, especially those born in the 90's. Most of these kids grew up as the only child, being pampered from the day they came into this world. Their parents doted on them, giving them anything they demanded for. As such, most grow up with values that are not realistic apart from being materialistic. They only value things that money can buy. It's understandable that they are trying to catch up with the world but I've seen how ruthless they can be doing so. I suppose the actions of their parents rubbed off on them, copying the "every man for himself" attitudes. Perhaps this is one of the reasons why they behave the way they do when they do get to travel to other countries. In my experience, I see that they have a tough time fitting in with outsiders. I can't imagine how they will grow up to be China's next generation of movers and shakers.

1) In general probably no, apart a minority.

2) Try a whip.

3) Who cares?

They need to be educated sneakily. Proper values should be promoted through colourful, flashy advertisements, popular social events and successful businesses in the country. Those are the only authorities they'll respect. Unfortunately, government, business and industry are heavily dependent on cyclical consumption and short-term profits. They prefer to promote opposite values, because that's what makes a 'good', whimsical, impulse consumer. When I see the smopg cloud in the sky, I see a beacon of hope - pollution is a hard-to-evade problem for society. Unfortunately, the USA have shown us that clever manipulation of media can convince the majority of people that climate scientists are liars. Will the Chinese be smart enough to wake up and smell the smog? Don't laugh - I know you're laughing...